Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Poverty Alleviation: Mediating by Entrepreneurial Intention

Authors

  • Moudassir Habib University of Southern Queensland Australia
  • Alamzeb Aamir Department of Management Sciences FATA University TSD Darra Kohat
  • Imran Khan PhD Scholar Islamia College University Peshawar
  • Waheed Ullah PhD Scholar Islamia College University Peshawar

Abstract

The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of entrepreneurship education on poverty alleviation mediating by entrepreneurial intention. In doing so, we employee bootstrap procedure as suggested by (Hayes, 2013). Further, the data has been collected through a self-administered questionnaire among participants using simple random sampling. The results revealed that entrepreneurship education has an insignificant influence on poverty reduction, however, a significant indirect effect has been observed. Moreover, entrepreneurial skills show a significant both direct and indirect effect on poverty alleviation. Hence, a full mediation of entrepreneurial intention has been observed in relationship of entrepreneurship education and poverty alleviation, whereas, for entrepreneurial skills and poverty alleviation it is partial mediation. The study is first of its kind to analyze the influence of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship skills on poverty alleviation mediating by entrepreneurial intention. The paper has drawn attention to some dynamic aspects that are relevant to policy and revealed some areas of interest for further exploration.

References

Acs, Z., Audretsch, D.B., Strom, R. (2009). Entrepreneurship, Growth, and Public Policy. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, UK

Adenutsi, E.D. (2009). Entrepreneurship, job creation, income empowerment and poverty reduction in low-income economies. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 1-21, 2009.

Adofu, I., and O. Akoji, O. (2013). Alleviating poverty through the use of entrepreneurship skill acquisition in Kogi State, Nigeria. International Open Journal of Economics,1, 14-23.

Ahmad, Z.S. (2013). The need for inclusion of entrepreneurship education in Malaysia lower and higher learning institutions. Education +Training, 55(2), 191-203.

Akhuemonkhan, I. A, Raimi, L. & Sofoluwe, A. O. (2013). Entrepreneurship Education and

Employment Stimulation in Nigeria. Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 2229 –

Ali, S.Y.A., and Ali, H.A. (2013). Entrepreneurship Development and Poverty Reduction: Empirical Survey from Somalia. American International Journal of Social Science, 2(3), 108-113.

AntonДЌiДЌ, B., Scarlat, C. and Erzetic, B.H. (2005). The quality of entrepreneurship education and the intention to continue education: Slovenia and Romania. Managing Global Transitions, 3(2), 197-212

Bae, T.J., Qian, S., Miao, C., Fiet, J.O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: a meta-analytic review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practices, 38, 217–254

Bjornali, E.S., Støren, L.A. (2012). Examining competence factors that encourage innovative behaviour by European higher education graduate professionals. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 19, 402–423

Bruton, G.D., Ketchen, D.J., and Ireland, R.D. (2013). Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty. Journal of Business Venture, 28, 683–689.

Cantillon, R. (1931). Essai sur la nature du commerce en gГ©nГ©ral, ed. and with an English

translation by Henry Higgs for the Royal Economic Society. Macmillan & Co. London.

Chen, Y. (2010). Does entrepreneurship education matter to students' entrepreneurial intention? A Chinese perspective. Second International Conference on Information Science and Engineering, China.

Chliova, M., Brinckmann, J., Rosenbusch, N. (2015). Is microcredit a blessing for the poor? A meta-analysis examining development outcomes and contextual considerations. Journal of Business Venture, 30, 467–487

Colette, H., Hill, F., & Leitch, C. (2005). Entrepreneurship education and training: Can entrepreneurship be taught? Education + Training, 47(3), 158–169

Cotrugli, B., 1990. Il Libro Dell'Arte di Mercatura, a Cura di Ugo Tucci, Arsenale.

Crum, M., & Chen, Y. (2015). Self-employment and subjective well-being: A multi-country analysis. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 19(1), 15–26.

Davidsson, P. (2008). The Entrepreneurship Research Challenge. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham

Dempsey, I. (2009). The Entrepreneurial Dialogues: State of Entrepreneurship in South Africa. From (Retrieved on 10 November 2016).

Dhahri, S. and Omri, A. (2018). Entrepreneurship contribution to the three pillars of sustainable development: what does the evidence really say? World Development, 106, 64-77.

Dinis, A., Paco, A. D., Ferreira, J., Raposo, M., & Rodrigues, R..G. (2013). Psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intentions among secondary students. Education + Training, 55, 763–780.

Easterlin, R.A., Angelescu McVey, L., Switek, M., Sawangfa, O., Smith Zweig, J. (2010). The happiness–income paradox revisited. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107 (52), 22463–22468

El-Gohary, H, O'Leary, S and Radway, P. (2012). Investigating the Impact of Entrepreneurship Online Teaching on Science and Technology Degrees on Students attitudes in Developing Economies: The case of Egypt. International Journal of Online Marketing,2(1), 29-45.

Elmuti, D., Khoury, G. and Omran, O. (2012). Does entrepreneurship education have a role in developing entrepreneurial skills and ventures’ effectiveness? Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 15, 83-97.

Enu, D.B. (2012): Enhancing the Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria. American Journal of

Social Issues & Humanities. 2(4), 232-239.

Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T., Stephan, U. (2016). Human capital in social and commercial entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venture, 31, 449–467.

Ezeji, H.A., Ugwoke, O.E., Edeh, I.N., and Okanazu, O.O. (2015). Business Education: A Tool for Poverty Alleviation in Enugu State. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 5, 601-609.

Fayolle, A., & Liñán, F. (2013). The Future of Research on Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Business Research 67(5),663–666

Fayolle, A., Gailly, B. & Lassas-Clerc, N. (2006). Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: a new methodology. Journal of European Industrial Training, 30(9), 701–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090590610715022

Gibb, A. (2002). In pursuit of a new `enterprise' and `entrepreneurship' paradigm for learning: creative destruction, new values, new ways of doing things and new combinations of knowledge. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4(3), 233–269.

Gómez-Grass, J. M., Mira-Solves, I., & Martínez-Mateo, J. (2010). Determinants ofthe entrepreneurship: An overview perspective. International Journal of BusinessEnvironment, 3(1), 1–14.

Hair, J.F., Jr, Black, W.C., Babin, B. and Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate DataAnalysis, 7th ed., Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Hannon, P. (2006). Teaching pigeons to dance: sense and meaning in entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 48(5), 296-308.

Hansson A. (2010). Tax policy and entrepreneurship: Empirical evidence from Sweden. Small Business Economics Journal, 38, 495. DOI: 10.1007/s11187- 010-9282-7.

Hayes, A.F. (2013), Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach, Guilford, New York, NY.

Honig, B. (2001). Human capital and structural upheaval: a study of manufacturing firms in the west bank. Journal of Business Venturing 16, 575–594

Hunjet, A., Kozina, G., & Kurečić, P. (2015). The Role of Higher Education Institutions in the Development of Entrepreneurship Competencies on the Study Programs other than Economics. 9th Economic and Social Development Conference Proceedings, 620-629.

Hussain, D.M., Bhuiyan, B.A., and Baker, R. (2014). Entrepreneurship development and poverty alleviation: An empirical review. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 4(10), 558-573.

Hytti, U. and O’Gorman, C. (2004). What is enterprise education? An analysis of the objectives and methods of enterprise education programs in four European countries. Education + Training, 46(1), 11-23.

Ibrahim AB, Soufani K (2002). Entrepreneurship education and training in Canada: A critical assessment. Education and Training, 44(8/9): 421-430.

Izquierdo, E. & Buelens, M. (2008). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions: the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitudes. Internationalizing Entrepreneurship Education and Training, IntEnt2008 Conference, 17–20 Julio 2008, Oxford, Ohio, USA.

Jack, S. and Anderson, A. (1999). Entrepreneurial education within the enterprise culture. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 5(3), 110-25

Jones, C. and English, J. (2004) A contemporary approach to entrepreneurship education. Education +Training, 46(8/9), 416-423

Kailer, N. (2007). Evaluation of entrepreneurship education: planning, problems, concepts and proposals for evaluation design. in Fayolle, A. (Ed.), A Handbook Of Research in Entrepreneurship Education, Contextual Perspectives. 2, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 221-43.

Kareem, R.O. (2015). Impact of entrepreneurship on poverty alleviation. Journal of Business Administration and Education, 7(1): 1-16

Karimi, S., Biemans, H.J.A., Lans, T., Chizari, M., Mulder, M. & Mahdei, K.N. (2013). Understanding role models and gender influences on entrepreneurial intentions among college students, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 204-21

Kuratko, D.F. (2005). The emergence of entrepreneurship education: development, trends and challenges. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(5), 577-97.

Ladzani WM, Van Vuuren J.J. (2002). Entrepreneurship training for emerging SMEs in South Africa. Journal of Small Business Management, 40, 154-161.

Lau, R.S. and Cheung, G.W. (2012). Estimating and comparing specific mediation effects in complex latent variable models. Organization Research Methods, 15(1), 3-16.

LiГ±ГЎn, F. (2014). Intention-based models of entrepreneurship education intention-based models of entrepreneurship education. Small Business,3, 11-35.

Linan, F., Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617.

Lorz, M. (2011). The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention. Dissertation of the University of St. Gallen, School of

Management, Economics, Law, Social Sciences and International Affairs. http://edudoc.ch/record/107284/files/zu13059.pdf (27.06.2013)

Lyons, T., & Lyons, J. (2002). Assessing entrepreneurship skills: The key to effective enterprise development planning.Paper presented at the 44th Annual Conference of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning. Baltimore, Maryland.

Malach, R.L. and Malach, S.E. (2014). Start your own business assignment in the context of experiential entrepreneurship education. Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement, 18(1), 169-186

McMullen, J.S. (2011). Delineating the domain of development entrepreneurship: a market-based approach to facilitating inclusive economic growth. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practices , 35, 185–193.

Menard, S. (1995), Applied Logistic Regression Analysis, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA

Mensah, A.S., and Benedict, E. (2010). Entrepreneurship training and poverty alleviation: Empowering the poor in the Eastern free state of South Africa. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 1, 138-163.

Mitra, J. and Abubakar, Y. (2011). Knowledge creation and human capital for development: The role of graduate entrepreneurship. Education+ Training, 53, 462-479.

Moriano, J. A., Gorgievski, M., Laguna, M., Stephan, U., & Zarafshani, K. (2012). A cross-cultural approach to understanding entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Career Development, 39(2), 162-185.

Mumtaz, B.A.K, Munirah, S., & Halimahton, K. (2012).The Relationship between educational support and entrepreneurial intentions in Malaysian Higher Learning Institution, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,69, (24), 2164-2173.

Noel, T. (2001). Effects of Entrepreneurial Education on Attitude to Open a Business, Paper presented at Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson Conference, available at: www.babson.edu/entrep/fer (accessed 17 September 2012).

Nussbaum, M.C. (2011). Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach, Harvard University

Press, Cambridge, MA.

Ogundele,K.J.O., Akingbade, A.W., Akinlabi, B.H. (2012). Entrepreneurship training and education as strategic tools for poverty alleviation in Nigeria. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(1), 148-156.

Powell, B. (2008). Making Poor Nations Rich: Entrepreneurship and the Process of Economic Development. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.

Preacher, K.J. and Hayes, A.F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891

Raposo,M. and Paco, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Relationship between education

and entrepreneurial activity. Psicothema, 23(3), 453-457.

Rauch, A., Frese, M., Utsch, A. (2005). Effects of human capital and long-term human resources development and utilization on employment growth of small-scale businesses: a causal analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practices, 29, 681–698.

Sardeshmukh, S. R., & Smith-Nelson, R. (2011). Educating for an entrepreneurial career: Developing opportunity recognition ability. Australian Journal of Career Development, 20(3), 47–55.

Sarstedt, M., Bengart, P., Monim, A., Shaltoni & Lehmann, S. (2017): The use of sampling methods in advertising research: a gap between theory and practice. International Journal of Advertising, DOI: 10.1080/02650487.2017.134832.

Shamsudin, S. F. F. B., Al Mamun, A., Nawi, N. B. C., Nasir, N. A. B. M., & Zakaria, M. N. B. (2016). Policies and practices for entrepreneurial education: The Malaysian experience. The Journal of Developing Areas, 50, 307–316

Solomon, G., Duffy, S. and Tarabishy, A. (2002) The state of entrepreneurship education in the United States: a nationwide survey and analysis. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 1(1), 65-86.

Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S. & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programs raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22, 566–591.

Thurik, A. R., Carree, M. A., van Stel, A., & Audretsch, D. B. (2008). Does self-employment reduce unemployment? Journal of Business Venturing, 23(6), 673–686.

Turker, D., & Selcuk, S.S. (2009). Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of university students?. Journal of European Industrial Training. 33(2), 142–159.

Unger, J., Rauch, A., Frese, M., Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial

success: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Business Venture,26, 341–358.

Yurtkoru, E., Acar, P., and Teraman, B.S. (2014). Willingness to take risk and entrepreneurial intention of university students: An empirical study comparing private and state universities. Procedia Social Behavioral Science. 150, 834–840.

Yurtkoru, S. KuЕџcu, Z.K., & DoДџanay, A. (2014). Exploring the Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intention on Turkish University Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 841-850

Downloads

Published

30.06.2020

How to Cite

Habib, M., Aamir, A., Khan, I., & Ullah, W. (2020). Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Poverty Alleviation: Mediating by Entrepreneurial Intention. CITY UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL, 10(2). Retrieved from http://www.cusitjournals.com/index.php/CURJ/article/view/427

Issue

Section

Articles